Moscow invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022, but Russian cyberattacks against Ukraine have been taking place since Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014. During this time, Ukraine's public, energy, media, financial, business and non-profit sectors have been the main targets. The attacks intensified just before the invasion, undermining the distribution of medicines, food and relief supplies. The EU, US and NATO have carried out initiatives that aim to neutralise cyberthreats and protect essential infrastructure.