Anatoli Marchenko (posthumously, represented by his widow,Larisa BOGORAZ) - 1988, Russia: His widow, Larissa Bogoraz, herself an activist and a Sakharov Prize nominee, received the prize on his behalf, which was awarded to him posthumously in 1988, the year the European Parliament created the Sakharov Prize. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (in absentia, represented by his grand son, Mandla MANDELA) - 1988, South Africa: He was the first, along with Soviet dissident Anatoly Marchenko, to be awarded the European Parliament's Sakharov Prize in 1988. At the time he was still being kept under house arrest by South Africa's apartheid regime, which imprisoned him for 27 years for his fight against racism.

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