When we think of the European Parliament, we usually imagine MEPs voting in the debating chamber. In reality, though, voting only takes place once a month, during plenary part-sessions. But what actually are these part-sessions, and how do they work?

What are plenary sessions?

Have you ever heard of the Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament?
From their job title, it’s clear that they play a crucial role in Parliament and must be important political figures. 
But do you know what the Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament really do, who they are and how they are elected?

Jargon Jungle: the Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament

Out of the jargon jungle. The role of the European Parliament President?

The role of the European Parliament President?

It’s time to vote! Between 6 and 9 June this year, millions of EU citizens will help shape the future of the European Union by voting in the European elections. The European Parliament is the only directly elected EU body and the European elections are one of the biggest democratic events in the world. Join us in this episode as we take a closer look at how the voting system works. Don’t miss this chance to find out how your vote counts!

The European elections explained: how does the voting system work?

EP Plenary session - Voting session

EP Plenary session - Voting session - General Budget 2025

The European elections are the largest transnational elections in the world. There are some common rules that apply in all EU countries but many details vary by country.


Election days range from Thursday 6 June to Sunday 9 June and it is up to each country to decide when and how they organise the vote.


The number of MEPs elected varies between countries: bigger countries get more seats than smaller ones. Due to changes in the size of the population, some EU countries will get extra seats in the upcoming elections compared to the outgoing Parliament. In total 15 seats will be added.


There are also differences in other aspects of voting, for example regarding the minimum voting age or the rules about voting from abroad.

EU Elections 2024

AFET - Votes on Turkiye, Belarus and Switzerland

JURI Committee -  Vote on  its position on a draft bill on the protection of the environment through criminal law

TRAN Committee - Vote on Amending Directive 2010/40/EU on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport

EP Plenary session - Voting session.

ENVI Committee - Vote on a Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe - Statement by Dolors MONTSERRAT

EP plenary session - Announcement of the results of the second voting session

EP Plenary session - Announcement of the results of the first voting session

EP Plenary session -Final vote on co-signed MR - New MFF, own resources and Recovery plan

Appointment of the Chair of the Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA) EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Tonga EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Niue EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Tuvalu

Voting Session

Parliament elects the European Ombudsman, with six candidates vying for the position. As established in rule 237 of Parliament’s Rules of Procedure, in order to be elected a candidate must obtain a majority of votes cast by MEPs. If no candidate is elected after the first two ballots, the two candidates who received the most votes will stand for a third and final ballot. In case of a tie, the oldest candidate shall be appointed. The candidates, listed alphabetically, are: • Teresa Anjinho (Portugal) • Emilio De Capitani (Italy) • Marino Fardelli (Italy) • Julia Laffranque (Estonia) • Claudia Mahler (Austria) • Reinier van Zutphen (The Netherlands) On Tuesday, Parliament backed Teresa Anjinho (Portugal) as the European Ombudsman for a five-year mandate, with the support of 344 MEPs in a secret plenary vote.

Election of the Ombudsman (first and second ballot)

On 17 December, the European Parliament elected Teresa Anjinho (Portugal) as the European Ombudsman for a five-year mandate, with the support of 344 MEPs in a secret plenary vote. After two rounds of voting, Teresa Anjinho secured the necessary majority of votes cast. Six candidates participated in the first and second ballots: Teresa Anjinho (Portugal), Emilio De Capitani (Italy), Marino Fardelli (Italy), Julia Laffranque (Estonia), Claudia Mahler (Austria), and Reinier van Zutphen (the Netherlands).

Election of the Ombudsman: extracts from the annual report debate (16.12) and from the vote on the new Ombudsman (17.12)

BALLARÍN CEREZA IMCO Discontinuation of the European ODR Platform SCHNEIDER ENVI Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application (Vote: 14/11/2024) VRECIONOVÁ AGRI Specific measures under the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) for Member States affected by natural disasters VRECIONOVÁ AGRI Forest reproductive material of the ‘tested’ category NEMEC BUDG Mobilisation of the European Globalisation AdjustmentFund: application EGF/2024/002 BE/Limburg machinery and paper - Belgium BUŁA, OMARJEE EMPL/REGI

MEPs vote on the following motions for resolutions: the cases of Jimmy Lai and the 45 activists recently convicted under the national security law in Hong Kong, The increasing and systematic repression of women in Iran, The shrinking space for civil society in Cambodia, in particular the case of the labour rights organisation CENTRAL, Georgia's worsening democratic crisis following the recent parliamentary elections and alleged electoral fraud (Debate: 13/11/2024), Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and Russia, and on new recommendation on smoke and aerosol-free environments.

Voting session

MEPs approve a deal on 2025’s EU budget to address current challenges and managing repayment costs for the EU’s recovery plan. During negotiations with member states, Parliament obtained more than €230 million in funding beyond the Commission's initial draft proposal, to better focus on key EU programmes and policies aimed at improving people's lives, boosting competitiveness, and addressing challenges like climate, health, migration or defence. Negotiators also agreed on a solution to cover repayment costs for the European Union Recovery Instrument (EURI). The preliminary figures are €199.44 billion in commitment appropriations and €155.21 billion in payment appropriations.

2025 budgetary procedure: extracts from the debate (26.11) and extracts from the voting session (27.11)

MEPs vote during the plenary session in Strasbourg on the MUREŞAN BUDG Draft amending budget No 5/2024: adjustment in payment appropriations, update of revenues and other technical updates; and on NEGRESCU, HERBST BUDG 2025 budgetary procedure: Joint text. For the EU’ 2025 budget, MEPs secured more effective support to address challenges such as health, humanitarian aid, border management and climate action. The 2025 budget was adopted with 418 votes to 185 and 67 abstentions. Council already endorsed the deal on 25 November.

Votes on EU budget 2025

MEPs vote on several topics: Cunha (A10-0015/2024) - Amending short-stay visas regulation (EU) 2018/1806) as regards Vanuatu; Objection pursuant to Rule 114(3): Measures to reduce incidental catches of common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and other small cetaceans in the Bay of Biscay; and Lupo (A10-0020/2024) - Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund to provide assistance to Germany and Italy relating to floods occurred in 2024. Statement by Giuseppe LUPO, (S&D, IT) before the announcement of the results of the vote.

Votes on short-stay visas regulation; incidental catches of common dolphin; and assistance to Germany and Italy relating to floods

Following a debate with Ursula von der Leyen on her new team and programme, MEPs elected the College of Commissioners as a whole by roll-call vote. 370 MEPs voted in favour, 282 against, and 36 abstained.

Vote on the election of the College of Commissioners: Parliament approves the “von der Leyen II” Commission

Parliament’s committees subjected each Commissioner-designate to individual public hearings between 4 and 12 November. MEPs assessed their suitability to become Commissioners, as well as their ability to carry out the duties linked to their respective portfolios. Once Parliament’s Conference of Presidents (President Metsola and the political group leaders) has conducted the final evaluation and declared the hearings process closed, the full Parliament will vote on the entire list of candidates. The roll call vote on the new Commission is scheduled for Wednesday at noon.

Vote on resolution on the presentation by the Commission President-elect of the College of Commissioners and its programme

This news item shows atmosphere shots from the voting session following the debate with European Commission President-elect von der Leyen on her team and programme ant the Signature of the Transmission Letter on the Election of the European Commission. MEPs elected the College of Commissioners as a whole by roll-call vote - 370 MEPs voted in favour, 282 against, and 36 abstained. This will be Ursula von der Leyen’s second term as Commission President, following the approval of her first Commission by MEPs in November 2019.

Presentation by the Commission President-elect of the College of Commissioners and its programme: atmosphere shots from the voting session

Csaba Molnár (CONT 21/11): Partial renewal of a member of the Court of Auditors – Motions for a resolution: Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified cotton - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize and eight of its sub-combinations - Objection pursuant to Rule : Genetically modified maize - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize DP202216 115(2-3) - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize

MEPs vote on the following topics: MRs - UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29); and MRs - EU actions against the Russian shadow fleets and ensuring a full enforcement of sanctions against Russia (Debate: 23/10/2024).

Voting session part 2

MEPs vote on the following topics: Regional Emergency Support to Reconstruction amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1058 and Regulation (EU) 2021/1057; AGRI - Specific measures under the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) to provide additional assistance to Member States affected by natural disasters; ENVI - Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application; (A10-0012/2024) LALUCQ ECON - Electronic value added tax exemption certificate; (A10-0011/2024) DORFMANN ECON - Faster and Safer Relief of Excess Withholding Taxes (Vote: 28/02/2024); and (A10-0013/2024) STREIT BUDG - Amendment of the EIB's Statute.

Voting session part 1

The UN Climate Change Conference (COP 29) takes place from 11 to 22 November 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan, gathering world leaders and climate experts to define a new global goal for climate finance and advance climate action. MEPs call on all countries to set a socially fair and equitable climate finance goal, aligned with the polluter-pays principle and incorporating diverse public, private, and innovative financial resources. The resolution further urges the EU to create a stable finance mechanism to ensure reliable support for its climate finance obligations, reinforcing the EU's leadership role in global climate action and the importance of predictable funding for effective climate policies. This news items shows extracts from the debate (13/11) and from the vote (14/11), and statement by Lídia PEREIRA (EPP, PT), Chair of the EP delegation to COP 29.

UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29): extracts from the debate (13/11) and from the vote (14/11), and statement by Lídia PEREIRA (EPP, PT), Chair of the EP delegation to COP 29

MEPs vote on the following topics: Siegfried Mureşan (BUDG A10-0005/2024) - Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023; Siegfried Mureşan (BUDG A10-0007/2024) - Draft amending budget 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies; Michalis Hadjipantela (BUDG A10/-) - Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch; Jonas Sjöstedt (CONT A10-0003/2024) - Discharge 2022: EU general budget – European Council and Council.

MEPs vote on strengthening Moldova's resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration; and on the democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia.

Votes incl. Moldova's resilience against Russian interference and democratic backsliding in Georgia

MEPs vote on the mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund - assistance to Italy, Slovenia, Austria, Greece and France further to natural disasters occurred in 2023.

881 results