Początki Międzynarodowego Dnia Kobiet sięgają wczesnych ruchów pracowniczych w XX wieku. Upamiętnia on walkę o równouprawnienie płci i jest okazją do świętowania postępów w tej dziedzinie. Parlament Europejski jest jednym z najbardziej zaangażowanych orędowników równości płci w Unii. Przyjął ważne rezolucje i przepisy mające chronić prawa kobiet, promować równe szanse i zwalczać dyskryminację.

Międzynarodowy Dzień Kobiet

W pierwszej połowie 2024 roku Unia otrzymała ponad 513 000 wniosków o udzielenie azylu. Jedna trzecia osób ubiegających się o azyl to kobiety i dziewczęta. Unijny system azylowy zawiera elementy uwzględniające płeć, a Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej uznał przemoc ze względu na płeć za podstawę udzielenia azylu. Kobiety i dziewczęta ubiegające się o azyl wciąż borykają się z problemami związanymi z nieprzestrzeganiem praw człowieka i sytuacja ta wymaga działań.

Aspekt płci we wnioskach o azyl w Unii

Gender-balanced representation among the decision-makers of the European Union is an important step towards full realisation of the principle of equality between women and men enshrined in the EU Treaties. The Union has made steady and significant progress, starting from a very low presence of women among EU Commissioners and Members of the European Parliament at the time when those institutions were created. The European Parliament is today one of the world's most gender-balanced representative assemblies, but there are still significant divergences between EU countries.

EPRS Policy Podcast - Towards gender balance in the European elections: Electoral quotas

Equal pay for equal work is one of the European Union's founding principles, enshrined in Article 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). However, the implementation and enforcement of this principle remain a challenge. Due to a lack of pay transparency, pay discrimination often goes undetected and victims face difficulties in making a claim for redress. On 4 March 2021, the European Commission adopted a legislative proposal on binding pay transparency measures. The proposed directive to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms focuses on measures to ensure pay transparency, and better access to justice for victims of pay discrimination.

EPRS policy podcast - Equal pay for equal work between men and women: Pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms

Statistics and research results show that in recent decades, before the coronavirus pandemic, the EU's labour market witnessed an increase in female employment rates. Women's employment seems to have been more resilient than men's to the economic and financial crisis in 2008. The coronavirus crisis, however, has had a harsher impact on women than on men when it comes to the labour market.

EPRS policy podcast - Recent trends in female employment

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International Women’s Day is held every year on 8 March. Equality between women and men is one of the objectives of the European Union.

Over time, legislation, case-law and changes to the Treates have helped shore up this principle and its implementation in the EU. The European Parliament has always been a fervent defender of the principle of equality between men and women.

On this occassion, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, leader of Belarus’ democratic forces,&nbsp;Palina Sharenda-Panasiuk, a Belarusian opposition activist,&nbsp;Leniie Umerova, a&nbsp;Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar activist&nbsp;and Tata Kepler, a Ukrainian volunteer in military medicine highlighted the ongoing struggles for freedom, justice, and democracy in Belarus and Ukraine, stressing the deep connection between both countries' fates. They called on the EU to maintain strong support for civil society, independent media, and political prisoners, particularly the many women still unjustly detained.Testimonies exposed the brutal realities of occupation, including torture, forced labour, and systematic repression in Russian-controlled territories. The message was clear: only a strong and united Europe can help secure freedom for Belarus and Ukraine, ensuring peace and stability for the entire region.

International Women’s Day

The United Nations defines violence against women as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life."

The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women, also known as the Istanbul Convention, is the first legally binding international instrument on this issue. It establishes a comprehensive framework of measures for preventing such violence, supporting victims and punishing perpetrators.&nbsp;

MEPs have voted during May 2023 plenary to approve the European Union’s accession to the Convention on preventing and combating violence against women, concluding Parliament’s role in the process. Six years after the EU signed the Istanbul Convention - it has still not been ratified because of the refusal of a few member states, despite&nbsp;Parliament’s multiple calls to this end.

However, the EU&nbsp;Court of Justice’s opinion of 6 October 2021&nbsp;confirmed that the European Union can ratify the Istanbul Convention without having the agreement of all member states. The Court found that the appropriate scope for the EU’s accession is asylum, judicial cooperation in criminal matters, and obligations of the EU institutions and public administration.

The EU’s accession to the Istanbul Convention does not exempt member states from ratifying it themselves, MEPs have repeatedly said, urging the remaining six countries - Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia - to ratify the Convention without delay, so that it can protect women to the full extent of the Convention’s intended scope

Violence against women

Full gender equality is far from being achieved, and this has implications for the lives and life chances of individual women, girls, boys and men, the communities they live in and the EU as a whole. The European Parliament has consistently taken a strong, proactive stance on advancing gender equality, stressing the need to deliver on EU commitments.

The EP´s Committee of Women´s rights and Gender equality (FEMM) is in the heart of these discussions.

Options for further EU involvement could include better implementation and enforcement of existing legislation, moves to modernise it, fill gaps in protection and address emerging issues, and non-legislative measures such as data collection and monitoring, awareness-raising, and support for national and grassroots initiatives.

Promoting equal economic independence for women and men, closing the gender pay gap, advancing gender balance in decision making, ending gender based violence and promoting gender equality beyond the EU are the concrete areas of interest for the EU.

Gender balance

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The right to health, including sexual and reproductive health, is protected internationally.&nbsp;Access to sexual and reproductive healthcare goods and services is a fundamental component of sexual and reproductive rights.

Under international human rights law and standards, European Union Member States should ensure access to safe and quality sexual and reproductive healthcare.

A range of United Nations (UN) treaties ban discrimination in general terms, effectively outlawing discrimination in sexual and reproductive health and rights. These rights include the right to health and the right to family planning, equal access to service, freedom from violence and the right to life. Specific international treaty protections exist to combat discrimination on the grounds of sex, race, disability but not sexual orientation or gender identity.

At European level, the Council of Europe protects sexual and reproductive health and rights through the European Convention on Human Rights and through the Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the Istanbul Convention).

Sexual and reproductive health and rights

The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women, also known as the Istanbul Convention, is the first legally binding international instrument on this issue. It establishes a comprehensive framework of measures for preventing such violence, supporting victims and punishing perpetrators.

The European Parliament first sounded the alarm about the problem of violence against women in a resolution of 11 June 1986. Since then, Parliament has played a particularly important role in the field, including through the work of its Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM). As of October 2020, it has been signed by all EU Member States, and ratified by 21.

Violence against women (2019-2020)

The EU has adopted legislation, issues recommendations, exchanges and good practices and provides funding to support action by Member States. The concepts of EU gender equality policy were shaped by European Court of Justice rulings.

The European Parliament (EP) regularly adopts own initiative reports on gender issues, calling for more efforts to improve gender equality.

The EP has always been very active on achieving equality between men and women and has a standing committee dedicated to women’s rights and gender equality. Every year, Parliament marks International Women’s Day on 8 March and raises awareness by organising events.

Gender balance (2019-2020)

The European Parliament has adopted new rules to allow parents and carers to better reconcile their work and family lives.

The new rules for a better work-life balance, adopted on 4 April 2019, aim to increase the employment rate for women, create incentives for fathers to take family-related leave, and promote gender equality and equal opportunities. Parliament and Council agree on measures to reconcile career and private life:

- Ten working days paternity leave, paid at not less than the level of sick pay

- Two months of non-transferable paid parental leave

- Five days of annual carers’ leave

- Flexible working patterns, including remote working.

#EUelections2019 - Work-life balance

Women in defence, security and peace building. A special meeting of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality with members of national parliaments and invited panellists – including women in leadership roles in the military, academics, and activists – is scheduled in the run-up to the International Women's Day (8 March). The meeting will include introductory remarks by the European Commissioner for Equality, Hadja Lahbib, and will focus on 'Strengthening the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda – Upholding Women's Rights in Defence, Security, and Peacebuilding. (Thursday) A media seminar is organised on Wednesday afternoon, with EP President Roberta Metsola, MEPs, and guests from Ukraine, Israel, Palestine and international organisations.

Inter-parliamentary committee meeting on "Strengthening the Women on the occasion of the International Women's Day 2025

FEMM.- Presentation by EIGE (European Institute for Gender Equality) of the Gender Equality Index

Find out about the economic inequalities that continue to persist between women and men in the EU.

It has been more than 25 years since the adoption of the UN’s Beijing Declaration, which aims to promote equality between men and women. The same goal lies behind the creation of UN Women - dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women - and the inclusion of gender equality in the Sustainable Development Goals.
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So where do we stand? Progress has been made, but inequality between men and women persists, including on the labour market. On average, women in the EU are paid less than men.

Gender pay gap in Europe: facts and figures

SANT- Exchange of views with Hadja Lahbib, Commissioner for Preparedness, Crisis Management and Equality on gender aspects of the health portfolio

AGRI - Exchange of Views on Gender equality and diversity : challenges for farming and food”, organised in the framework of the Gender Equality Week 2024

FEMM.- Securing Gender Equality and Women's Rights in the Digital Sphere

EMPL Meeting - Gender Equality Week: Ensuring gender equality in the labour market: addressing the gender pay gap and the ‘sticky floor’

EP Plenary session - Urgent need to tackle the gender pay gap

High Level Group on Gender Equality and Diversity Constitutive meeting

EP Plenary session - Oral question - The EU priorities for the 68th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women

EP Plenary session - Gender aspects of the rising cost of living and the impact of the energy crisis

Practicing What We Preach - Gender Equality in the EP management

TRAN - Exchange of views on ' Women in Transport '

FEMM Committee - Exchange of views on pay transparency, gender pay gap and pension gap with Commissioner Dalli

FEMM Committee - Presentation by EIGE (European Institute for Gender Equality) of the Gender Equality Index

ECON FEMM - Women in Economics and Finance: Debate on the next challenges in the EU

FEMM Committee - Situation of Women in Belarus

FEMM AFCO joint meeting : Elect her – how to support women's political participation

BUD CONT - Joint exchange of views on gender mainstreaming in the EU budget

EP Plenary session - Equal pay for equal work between men and women (pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms)

During the plenary session of the European Parliament in Brussels (08-11 February 2021), MEPs debate the challenges ahead for women’s rights more than 25 years after the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Closing statements by Ana Paula ZACARIAS, Portuguese Secretary of State for European Affairs and Helena DALLI, European Commissioner for Equality

Challenges ahead for women’s rights: more than 25 years after the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Closing statements by Ana Paula ZACARIAS, Portuguese Secretary of State for European Affairs and Helena DALLI, EU Commissioner for Equality

The Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM) holds a hearing with experts on gender aspects of precarious work. The hearing focus on the gender dimension in relation to precarious work, poverty, the gender pay gap and minimum wages. Statement by Evelyn REGNER (S&D, AT), Chair of the FEMM Committee and extracts of the meeting with Barbara GERSTENBERGER, Head of Unit, Research unit A Working Life, Eurofound and Virginia DALLA POZZA, Associate Director for VVA Group, one of the authors of the study “Precarious work from a gender and intersectionality perspective, and ways to combat it”.

Gender aspects of precarious work: extracts from the public hearing and statement by Evelyn REGNER (S&D, AT), FEMM Chair

During the plenary session of the European Parliament in Brussels (18-21 January 2021), MEPs debate on the gender equality. Opening statements on The gender perspective in the Covid-19 crisis and post-crisis period (Frances FITZGERALD (EPP, IE)); The EU Strategy for Gender Equality (Maria NOICHL (S&D, DE)); Closing the digital gender gap; women’s participation in the digital economy (Maria da Graça CARVALHO (EPP, PT)); and Helena Dalli, European Commissioner for Equality. This transcription speech is the result of an automatic process. Check against delivery.

Joint debate - Gender equality: opening statements by Frances FITZGERALD (EPP, IE), Maria NOICHL (S&D, DE), Maria da Graça CARVALHO (EPP, PT) and Helena Dalli, European Commissioner for Equality

During the plenary session of the European Parliament in Brussels (18-21 January 2021), MEPs debate on the gender equality. Closing statement by Helena Dalli, European Commissioner for Equality

Joint debate - Gender equality: Closing statement by Miriam DALLI, Helena Dalli, European Commissioner for Equality

During the plenary session of the European Parliament in Brussels (18-21 January 2021), MEPs debate on the gender equality. MEPs debate

Joint debate - Gender equality: MEPs debate

COVID-19, like previous epidemics infect and affect men, women and other genders differently. Whilst indications suggest that more men than women are dying of COVID-19, the impact of the (short and longer term) socio-economic effects of COVID-19 fall disproportionately on women. This infoclip shows different professions carried out by women who have suffered directly or indirectly from the consequences of the coronavirus epidemic: care workers, nurses, laboratory assistant, department store cashier, market gardeners, collective catering staff, staff in charge of cleaning and disinfection, teachers and a mother doing home schooling.

Infoclip: Women and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis

Campaign of the Economic and monetary Affairs Committee to promote women in leading roles of Economic and Financial institutions. Statements by high-profile women who currently hold such positions on their experience and message, Irene TINAGLI, Chair of the ECON Committee, Mairead MCGUINNESS, European Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union, Christine LAGARDE, President of the European Central Bank, Isabel SCHNABEL, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, Elke KÖNIG, Chair of the Single Resolution Board.

Women on board in Economics and Finance - Gender equality in finance and economics - statements by leading women in EU institutions

This animation shows the population unable to afford a meal with meat, fish, chicken or a vegetarian equivalent every second day in 2018 in the European Union. Food insecurity is usually associated with deprivation and poverty, which currently affect a large number of EU citizens. In 2018, there were 109 million people in the EU-28 living in households at risk of poverty or social exclusion (according to AROPE), equivalent to 21.7 % of the entire population. Among this population, 29.4 million people were suffering from severe material deprivation, which is defined as the enforced inability to pay for at least four items in a list of nine items, including a meal involving meat, chicken or fish every second day. In 2017, more than a fifth of all people at risk of poverty in the EU were unable to afford a meal with meat, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day. (source: Eurostat) Restrictions: ©The material may not be edited and must be shown entirely.

EPRS - Severe material deprivation in the European Union

Climate change acceleration exposes women and girls to even greater risks. Gender based violence when fleeing conflict. Competition over natural resources. Demand for new skills in the green sector. Energy transition affordability. All these are challenges with a very distinct gender factor. Restrictions: ©The material may not be edited and must be shown entirely.

EPRS - Does climate change threaten gender equality?

During the plenary session (10-13 February 2020) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate on EU priorities for the 64th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women. Statements by Evelyn REGNER (S&D, AT), rapporteur, Nikolina BRNJAC, Croatian Presidency, and Helena DALLI, European Commissioner for Equality.

EU priorities for the 64th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women: extracts from the debate

During the plenary session (10-13 February 2020) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate on Gender Equality Strategy. Statements by Helena DALLI, European Commissioner for Equality, Cindy FRANSSEN (EPP, BE), Maria NOICHL (S&D, DE), Maria NOICHL (S&D, DE), Irène TOLLERET (RE, FR), Jadwiga WIŚNIEWSKA (ECR, PL) and Katalin CSEH (RE, HU).

Gender Equality Strategy: extracts from the debate

During the plenary session (13-16 January 2020) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate on the gender pay gap. Satements by Helena DALLI, European Commissioner for Equality, Frances FITZGERALD (EPP, IE), Evelyn REGNER (S&D, AT), Sylvie BRUNET (RE, FR) and Ernest URTASUN (Greens/ALE, ES).

Gender pay gap: extracts from the debate

Antonio TAJANI, EP President and Mariya GABRIEL, Member of the EC in charge of Digital Economy and Society, participate in the event entitled "Digital Respect 4 her", which takes place in Strasbourg.

Digital Respect 4 her: extracts from the event with Antonio TAJANI, EP President and Mariya GABRIEL, Member of the EC in charge of Digital Economy and Society

Antonio TAJANI, EP President, Mariya GABRIEL, Member of the EC in charge of Digital Economy and Society, and Věra JOUROVÁ, Member of the EC in charge of Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality, speak the the press at the launch of #DigitalRespect4Her Campaign, at the European Parliament in Strasbourg.

Press point by Antonio TAJANI, EP President, Mariya GABRIEL, Member of the EC, and Věra JOUROVÁ, Member of the EC, on the launch of #DigitalRespect4Her Campaign

On the occasion of the International Women's Day 2019, Antonio TAJANI, EP President, makes a statement, at the European Parliament, in Brussels.

International Women's Day 2019: statement by Antonio TAJANI, EP President

In the framework of the International Women’s Day 2019 (on 8 March), the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM) and the directorate for Relations with National Parliaments, organise an Inter-parliamentary on "Women's Power in Politics". The event takes place in the European Parliament in Brussels.

Women's Power in Politics - International Women's Day 2019: extracts from the FEMM committee meeting

Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC, President of Croatia, and Marijana PETIR (EPP, HR), give a press point following the opening session of the Inter-parliamentary Committee meeting on "Women's Power in Politics", organised in the framework of the International Women's day 2019, in the European Parliament, in Brussels.

Press statement by Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC, President of Croatia, and by Marijana PETIR (EPP, HR) following the opening session of the Inter-parliamentary Committee meeting on the International Women's day 2019

During the plenary session (11-14 February 2019) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law such as the situation in Chechnya, and the case of Oyub Titiev, the situation in Zimbabwe and the Women's rights defenders in Saudi Arabia. Statements by Rebecca HARMS (Greens/EFA, DE), Marietje SCHAAKE (ALDE, NL), Charles TANNOCK (ECR, UK), Cecilia MALMSTRÖM, Member of the EC in charge of Trade, Geoffrey VAN ORDEN (ECR, UK), Catherine BEARDER (ALDE, UK), and Marie-Christine VERGIAT (GUE/NGL, FR).

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